Commercial aircraft by country

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• In 2019, Boeing's worldwide revenue amounted to about 76. Jul 7, 2013 · This statistic displays the predicted shipments of commercial aircraft seats in 2022. dollars. 48 billion by 2030. "N" for the United States, "VH" for Australia. 13, which also made its first flight in 1919. The commercial aircraft market is witnessing positive Dec 23, 2022 · AA718 took off from Miami to New York La Guardia on December 29th, 2020, almost exactly two years ago. 3 Billion in the year 2021. 59 billion by 2030. Germany. aero The Global Commercial Aviation Market is expected to reach USD 198. Today, it focuses on missile carrier bombers and special-purpose aircraft. 8% from 2023 to 2032. Additionally, the large share of emissions from premium seating suggests that carbon pricing for aviation could be improved and made more equitable by reflecting the emissions Apr 16, 2024 · GECAS, the Irish-American leasing company had 225 turboprop and regional jets in its fleet in 2021, making it the second-biggest lessor in the world. 1 Global Commercial Aircraft Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA) Revenue and Share by Players (2020,2021,2023, and 2024) 3. China's self-developed jet airliner Y-10, with a narrow body and four engines, took its maiden flight on September 26, 1980. 23,887 150s, 7,584 152s. Make better business decisions, faster with IBISWorld's industry market research reports, statistics, analysis, data, trends and forecasts. A true family, the 777X offers low-risk Four modern aircraft carriers of various types; USS John C. 9%, greater than the expected global CAGR of 5. 42 billion U. 5 Million. An aircraft operation involving the transportation of people, goods, or mail for payment or hiring is referred to as commercial air transport. By 2012, only 38% was originating from Nor th Commercial airliners have their own unique naming conventions. dollars, with key markets in Eurasia, North America, and China. In 2023, the market size is projected to reach a valuation of USD 556. Boeing 747-8. dollars by Airbus aircraft fly on every continent. Airbus A350 XWB. Jun 14, 2021 · Airbus Commercial aircraft | Highlights 2023. 1 Top3 Jan 15, 2024 · Southwest Airlines and United Airlines each purchased over 100 jets. 23% from 2021 to 2030. Most-produced two-seat civil aircraft. 4% from 2024 to 2031. A sample registration code might be G-XLEE, where "G" indicates the Jan 22, 2024 · Products: Airbus is known for its commercial aircraft, including the A220, A320, A330, A350, and A380 families. 21 billion in 2020, and is projected to reach $192. 6%. Boeing's 707 was designed for transcontinental or one-stop transatlantic range. Mar 14, 2024 · 7. Saudi Arabia’s new airline, Riyadh Air, purchased 39 jets as the country looks to boost international tourism. Prior to 2019, most foreign visitors couldn’t travel to the country. May 10, 2024 · The Boeing Company - commercial aircraft segment revenue 2006-2021; Aircraft deliveries - Boeing by aircraft type 2023 Boeing, Boeing's global revenue in FY 2023, by region or country (in The world's first all-metal transport aircraft was the Junkers F. 6% (2019-2042 CAGR - Compound Annual Growth Rate) over the next 20 years. Boom Overture. Irkut MC-21. It designs, assembles, markets, and sells commercial aircraft, including the 737, 767, 777, and 787, along with freighter and business jet variants of most. . Airbus forecasts that demand for passenger traffic will grow annually by 3. More than 10,000 Boeing-built commercial jetliners At the Bombardier Center of Excellence, skilled craftspeople fuse passion, expertise and luxury to create bespoke interiors. The 737 is used by hundreds of carriers all over the world, but the airframe’s largest The new Boeing 777X will be the world’s largest and most efficient twin-engine jet, unmatched in every aspect of performance. A commercial aircraft is a type of plane that transports people or cargo from one area to another. The mid- to long-range narrow-body four-engine aircraft with a swept-wing design was developed and manufactured by the Boeing Company. Bow view of the US Navy's USS Gerald R. Enterprises, economic performance and employment (status at 31/12) IV. 2. D-FAAA to D-FZZZ for single-engine aircraft from to 2–5. After that, it conducted many experimental flights nationwide. CFM International is the leading commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with 39 percent of the engine market worldwide in 2020. Airbus SE, ATR, Embraer, The Boeing Company and United Aircraft Corporation are the major companies operating in the market. Corporate Jet Investor has compiled a list of the top 50 business jet registries in the world, with the US, Brazil and Mexico topping the table. The Netherlands, Austria Boeing Commercial Airplanes, a business unit of The Boeing Company, is committed to being the leader in commercial aviation by offering airplanes that deliver superior design, efficiency and value to customers around the world. TVRS-44 Ladoga. The Russian project of the new regional turboprop. The A380's 350 bar (35 MPa or 5,000 psi) hydraulic system is a significant difference from the typical 210 bar (21 MPa or 3,000 psi) hydraulics used on most commercial aircraft since the 1940s. The birth of the C919 has experienced ups and downs throughout five decades of efforts. air travel hit records last year at 16. This statistic illustrates the projected production of large commercial aircraft from 2015 to 2025. 6 Million. life. That means not simply exceeding standards, but understanding Commercial Aircraft Market: Top Players like Airbus, Boeing, and Embraer Capture 40% Market Share Globally. Ford, lead ship of her class, the largest carrier in the world. Ukraine. 2024 deliveries to date: 256 deliveries to 58 customers. Today, the company manufactures the 737, 747, 767, 777 and 787 families of airplanes and the Boeing Business Jet range. This is a list of large aircraft, including three types: fixed wing, rotary wing, and airships . As the global interconnectedness increases, this figure is forecasted to exceed over 97 billion U. Deep modernization of long-range airliners of the Boeing-777 family. Over 300 Junkers F 13s were built between 1919 and 1932. List of aircraft manufacturers. China, Proudly serving more than 42,000 clients from 36 countries, GIA is recognized for accurate Commercial aircraft fleet by age of aircraft and country of operator Nov 21, 2023 · Published by Statista Research Department , Nov 21, 2023. All key figures about countries and regions. Multinational. The company’s product line of passenger aircraft is characterised by the highest standards of comfort, unrivalled economics and versatility with a commitment to progressively reduce emissions for a more sustainable aviation industry. 3% in the forecast period of 2024-2032, reaching a value of around USD 249. The newest Russian medium-range airliner. Sep 14, 2020 · The global commercial aircraft fleet totals nearly 32,000 airframes. Oct 2, 2022 · Developing a large passenger aircraft is a long process. The company’s primary business is the design and manufacturing of commercial aircraft but it also has separate defence and space and helicopter divisions. A dash "-" is normally (not always) used between the prefix and suffix. Widebody and regional jets are equally in demand, with 65% and 62%, respectively. Book-to-bill ratios for two of the largest aircraft manufacturers decreased to around 0. Military Pay 2024 Military Jun 8, 2022 · From conglomerates to flag carriers, here are some of the world’s most well-known airline fleets: U. The statistic displays the projected size of the global aircraft fleet in service between 2022 and 2032, broken down by aircraft type. May 2024 deliveries: 53 deliveries to 34 customers. For premium economy seating, seat shipments are expected to increase to 70,000 in 2022. Also built in France (both models) and Argentina (150 only). By 2025, the cargo aircraft fleet is expected to have an average age of 23. 2013. Aircraft deliveries are expected to Feb 8, 2021 · Over the next decade, Oliver Wyman expects the delivery of more than 21,000 new aircraft in the commercial fleet, half of which will be replacements for ageing planes. Aircraft data from the “ch-aviation fleets advanced” database as of June 19, 2023. Check out some of the highlights of 2023, another year defined by the pioneering values of our employees, partners The global commercial aircraft market size reached approximately USD 178. 99 billion by 2032. Airbus’ A320 Family is the undisputed leader in the single-aisle Built by the Boeing Aircraft Company, the 367-80, better known as the Dash 80, would come to revolutionize commercial air transportation when its developed version entered service as the famous Boeing 707, America's first jet airliner. In 2021, Europe accounted for the largest number of aircraft on operating lease Access airline, airport, and country rankings based on selected passenger and freight metrics, airline rankings that are based on financial, fleet, and employee data. Boeing, Commercial Market Outlook 2023-2042, June 17, 2023; Airbus, Global Market Forecast 2022-2041, June 13, 2023. 34 Billion By 2030. Even so, the Denver-based company Boom Technology has the potential to be one of the biggest “Boom or Bust” stories in modern commercial aviation history. Airbus forecasts a demand for 40,850 new passenger and freighter aircraft deliveries over the next 20 years, of which 32,630 will be typically Single Aisle and 8,220 typically Widebody. 1. May 2024 gross orders: 27. air carrier aircraft - domestic and international mileage Dec 18, 2023 · The Irish-American company GECAS is the largest leasing company for commercial aircraft. D-BAAA to D-BZZZ for aircraft with 14–20 t MTOW. 13 for the five years, 2018-2022. The high level of replacement highlights an ageing global fleet, with around 9% May 12, 2021 · These include the Tu-160 'White Swan' bomber, the largest and heaviest Mach 2+ supersonic military aircraft ever built, the Tu-104, the second twinjet to enter regular service after the de Havilland Comet, and the Tu-144, the world's first commercial supersonic aircraft. 10. Regarding aircraft class, we found that more than 60% of all passenger flights were Aug 30, 2023 · The Asia-Pacific region is projected to receive commercial aircraft engine sales valued at 478 billion U. 557 (September 2023) [2] 556 (September 2023) Antonov An-148/An-158. One to five character suffix indicating a particular aircraft within the country. India’s aircraft industry compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is expected to be 8. Nowadays, in terms of commercial aircraft May 7, 2024 · Commercial aircraft movements at Changi Airport in Singapore 2014-2022; Air cargo discharged in Singapore in 2023, by selected countries; May 21, 2024 · Worldwide leading aircraft manufacturers and suppliers by revenue 2019. The following list sorts countries by the number of passengers transported by airlines that are registered in the respective country according to data from the World Bank. Oct 8, 2020 · Commercial traffic has increased nearly four times faster than fuel efficiency improvement, and passenger aircraft CO 2 emissions increased 33% between 2013 and 2019. The Airbus A333-300 seats a total of 393 passengers, 296 are available in the main cabin, 46 are available in the Delta Comfort cabin and 34 are available in Delta One cabin. 73 million were international. Single-Aisle. 87 billion in 2024 and grow at a CAGR of 3. Jan 15, 2024 · Brazil: number of commercial aircraft 2009-2018, by type Brazil: number of airplanes 2018, by use type U. 72 billion in 2024 and grow at a CAGR of 6. The newest american light utility aircraft. Feb 11, 2014 · Hong Kong, in particular, has a large number of aircraft registered and appear at 35th place with 32 business jet on the register. 2022 and 2023 will remain unsettled for the sector; however, production should ramp-up to pre-Covid levels by mid-2023 and surpass those levels soon after. 66 in the previous year. We served our customers with our product line of commercial aircraft and took major steps towards our decarbonisation journey. ve operational safety throughout the aerospace industry. Analyzing Cirium data reveals that 708 airports globally had at least 20 MAX 8 flights in 2022. Airbus A380-800. Apr 11, 2024 · Country & Region reports. An aircraft used for specialized services including agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search The largest airlines in the world can be defined in several ways. Dec 22, 2015 · Published by Statista Research Department , Dec 22, 2015. Kennedy (US Navy), HMS Ocean ( Royal Navy) and escort vessels, 2002. There were five fatal accidents among 32. 2 Market Concentration Rate 3. Jan 25, 2019 · The Questionnaire on Air Transport Statistics is aimed to collect aggregated annual data on the air transport sector for the following domains: I. Much of this is because India is also set to become the world’s third-largest buyer of commercial passenger planes in the world, after the United States and China, with more than 1,000 aircraft currently on order. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 4. Published by Statista Research Department , Apr 16, 2024. The most popular type is the Boeing 737 Next Generation with 6,558 examples being active – a drop of 42 since last year equating to around a 1% reduction. The list of countries with the most planes in the sky is ranked by looking at the most takeoffs for airlines registered in each particular country. 2023 was a year of progress to connect today and tomorrow. As per the current market research conducted by the CMI Team, the Europe Commercial Aircraft Market is expected to record a CAGR of 5. Manufacturer. The company also produces military planes and helicopters and provides aerospace Apr 16, 2024 · Commercial aircraft operating lease market by region 2021. The transparent, global nature of this report, combined with these broader safety initiatives, is part of our industry’s collective w. Jul 1, 2015 · 70s, 61% of commercial aircraft exports (of capitalis t countries) came from North America, with more than half of it from the United States alone. At Bombardier, we design, build and maintain the world’s peak-performing aircraft for the world’s most discerning people, businesses and governments. CMI research report offers a 360-degree view of the Commercial Aircraft market’s drivers and restraints • Total aircraft demand, given passenger traffic forecasts, will be in excess of 32,000 aircraft, indicating a 2,000 aircraft supply shortfall Demand for Aircraft Continues to Outpace Supply 1. It contains the ICAO/common name, manufacturers name (s), country and other data, with the known years of operation in parentheses. Stennis ( United States Navy ), Charles de Gaulle ( French Navy ), USS John F. Feb 8, 2019 · This year, the 787-10, the most extended model of the 787, made its debut with Singapore Airlines and will begin flying with Etihad and United later this year and into next year. Globally, Asia leads the pack with 5,499 commitments in total, with the bulk being from customers in China. is estimated at US$54. Large commercial aircraft in global aircraft fleet 2015-2025; Number of non-scheduled operators in India FY 2010-2023; A size comparison of five of the largest aircraft: Airbus A380. Editorial Team Boom Overture – cruising at 30K feet. S Market Size and Trends. First used in military aircraft, high-pressure hydraulics reduce the weight and size of pipelines, actuators and related components. 15 Billion in 2023 and the total Commercial Aircraft Market revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5. This plane is still in development, and should be for some time. 79 Bn by 2031, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6. Mar 7, 2023 · The fatality risk declined to 0. It made its first flight on December 20, 1957, and entered commercial service on October 26, 1958. The division employs nearly 35,000 people, many working at the company's division headquarters in Renton, Washington Jun 19, 2024 · The global aerospace services market is worth approximately 3. Fixed-wing and rotary-wing (helicopters) aircraft types are factored in from all branches of service (Air Force, Army Aviation, Navy, Marine). As of 2023, Delta Air Lines was the largest by revenue, assets, fleet size, market capitalization and brand value; American Airlines Group by passengers carried and employees; FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers; Southwest Airlines by routes; and Turkish Airlines by countries served. Jan 1, 2024 · Expert industry market research on the Commercial Aircraft Leasing in the US (2024-2029). Since 2019, Airbus has been Most-produced fighter and single-seat aircraft. By 2032, the valuation is anticipated to reach USD 924. 51 billion in 2023. IATA member airlines experienced one fatal accident in 2022, with 19 fatalities. According to the ch-aviation database, narrowbody jets are the most used now, with 74% of tracked aircraft active. Turboprops are the least, with 40% of aircraft still parked. Germany’s aircraft manufacturing sector is distinguished by precision engineering and innovation. S. 360 of their 371 aircraft are currently active. 97% to reach USD 60. dollars from 2020 to 2040, the highest of all other listed regions. 2. Russia’s leading aircraft manufacturer says it’s completed a successful test flight of a new widebody passenger airplane that it claims could replace Western aircraft in the country According to Custom Market Insights (CMI), the Global Commercial Aircraft Market was estimated at USD 171 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to reach around USD 344 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of roughly 4% between 2023 and 2032. Jan 20, 2023 · In terms of aircraft deliveries, North America’s commercial aircraft accounted for almost 29% of the total commercial aircraft worldwide from 2016 to 2021. The Commercial Aircraft Market size was valued at USD 130. D-AUAA to D-AZZZ (test registrations) for aircraft manufactured by Airbus at Finkenwerder. 89%, in value terms, over the next five years, on the back of declining Jun 13, 2024 · 3 Market Competition, by Players 3. Aircraft statistics Get key metrics on fleet data for the number of aircrafts in service, hours flown, kilometers flown, length of the scheduled route network, and utilization Boeing 747-400. The letters in their names often indicate the aircraft’s general type or family. Numbers following these letters usually denote the The fleet of commercial aircraft is aging and new market pressures portend a large and growing market for new aircraft. Premium Statistic Aircraft orders of aircraft lessor firms by country of lessor and value 2021 The global commercial aircraft market size was valued at $128. With new breakthroughs in aerodynamics and engines, the 777X will deliver 10 percent lower fuel use and emissions and 10 percent lower operating costs than the competition. Aviation safety Aug 28, 2022 · The 767 has three variants – the 767-200, 767-300, and 767-400. 23 in 2021 and 0. Jun 30, 2022 · The lowest percentage of active aircraft in June 2022 was Africa with 68%. Junkers marketed the aircraft towards business travellers and commercial operators, and European entrepreneurs bought examples for their private use and business trips. - large bird strikes 2000-2015 Feb 19, 2024 · The single-aisle jet, manufactured by the state-owned Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (Comac), is a prominent symbol of Beijing’s broader “Made in China” strategy, which aims to Reports Description. The ICAO names are listed in bold. Hughes H-4 Hercules. This statistic illustrates the projected number of aircraft delivered to the global commercial aircraft fleet from 2021 to 2040, broken EMISSIONS FROM COMMERCIAL AVIATION: 2013, 2018, AND 2019 down from nearly 19% in 2013. There are more than 10,000 Boeing commercial jetliners in service, flying passengers and freight more efficiently than Boeing 777X. commercial passenger jetliner. 2 million flights in 2022. To learn more about this report, request a free sample copy. 3 million flights. Ranking total aircraft fleet strength by country, from highest to lowest. Dec 23, 2022 · AA718 took off from Miami to New York La Guardia on December 29th, 2020, almost exactly two years ago. Feb 3, 2023 · The French civil aerospace industry is expected to return to 2019 levels of activity somewhere between 2023 and 2025. Producing 64 aircraft in 2020, Germany showcases its commitment to excellence in aviation. In 2021 Boeing Commercial Airplanes ( BCA) is a division of the Boeing Company. Accidents (annual data Apr 16, 2024 · Published by Statista Research Department , Apr 16, 2024. Aviation Image Network/BaoLuo. Jun 3, 2021 · Global Commercial Aircraft market was valued over USD 99 Billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 8. It remained in production until 1991,…. 76 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4. Not surprisingly, Miami had the most, followed by Dubai, Mexico City, Vancouver, Toronto, Istanbul Airport, Milan Bergamo, Honolulu, Las Vegas, and Jun 19, 2023 · Important note: The following analysis excludes military aircraft and aircraft with an undisclosed operator/engine manufacturer/country. PA), and Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE:NOC) are some of the biggest aircraft manufacturers in the world. U. Comac C929. The first spot was taken by Nordic Aviation Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for decades. C lick here to continue Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating must log at least 250 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least: (1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in airplanes. 83 Bn in 2024 and is expected to reach US$ 245. Flights within Europe, between both EU and non-EU countries, emitted 14% of the global total in 2019, up from 13% in 2013. 5. Airbus A330-300. 2-4-2 (select JAL and ANA aircraft), 3-3-3. based airlines were far and away the largest aircraft carriers, with American Airlines being the world’s largest airline by fleet size since 2019. 2022 Statistical Summary2022 Statistical SummaryThis is the 54th edition of the Boeing Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents, which. This is a list of aircraft manufacturers sorted alphabetically by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)/common name. D-CAAA to D-CZZZ for aircraft with 5. Interestingly, Delta Airlines was the largest by revenue in 2020, despite a smaller fleet size. Editorial Team Airbus A330-300 Lufthansa. For instance, “A” stands for “Airbus,” “B” for “Boeing,” “MD” for “McDonnell Douglas,” and “E” for “Embraer. Demand for new aircraft is expected to grow at about +3% per year over Nov 8, 2023 · CNN —. D-EAAA to D-EZZZ for single-engine aircraft up to 2 t MTOW. Economy Class Configuration. Turboprops are the least, with 41% of aircraft still parked. In 2020, it is estimated that there Worldwide commercial aircraft fleet by manufacturer 2016 Investment amount JOL for aircrafts FY 2012-2019 Commercial flights in U. See full list on aerotime. The US Federal Aviation Administration defines a large aircraft as any aircraft with a certificated maximum Feb 16, 2024 · Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE:LMT), Airbus SE (EPA:AIR. Approximate average ages of the fleets of representative US and international airlines as of the end of 2011, according to Airfleets (2012), are shown in Figure 1. Jun 1, 2022 · Widebody and regional jets are equally in demand, with 62% and 61%, respectively. Jan 1, 2024 · Expert industry market research on the Global Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing (2024-2029). The 350 bar Aug 24, 2021 · The Commercial Aircraft market in the U. Global Firepower tracks total air service strength for each national power taken into consideration for the annual GFP ranking. New product development efforts include the Boeing 787-10 Dreamliner, the 737 MAX, and the 777X. The aircraft seating Airbus SE ( / ˈɛərbʌs /; French: [ɛʁbys] ⓘ; German: [ˈɛːɐ̯bʊs] ⓘ; Spanish: [ˈejɾβus]) is a European [8] multinational aerospace corporation. By One or two character prefix indicating the country of registration (e. Aircraft The world’s major manufacturers delivered 723 new commercial aircraft in 2020 and recorded 452 new aircraft net orders. Cessna 408. 7–14 t MTOW. 11 from 0. Both scheduled and unscheduled air transport operations are included. The United States comes in first by far, but there are plenty of international surprises on the list. They are followed by Apr 16, 2024 · The statistic illustrates the average age of the global aircraft fleet from 2020 to 2030, broken down by aircraft usage. 7 t MTOW. Nov 21, 2023 · Published by Statista Research Department , Nov 21, 2023. 6 billion U. Aviation & Aerospace - Airpower 2024 - Aircraft by Country - Aircraft Manufacturers Vehicles & Artillery - Armor 2024 - Armor by Country - Armor Manufacturers Infantry Small Arms - Warfighter 2024 - Small Arms by Country - Arms Manufacturers Warships & Submarines - Navies 2024 - Ships by Country - Shipbuilders U. Sold as Cherokee, Cherokee Warrior, Cherokee Pathfinder, Warrior, Archer, Dakota, Cadet, and Pilot. Antonov An-225 Mriya. 1. In 2020, the total market size of the global commercial aircraft manufacturing is estimated to drop to 688. 2014. Also built in Hungary, Romania, Spain, Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. Disclaimer: this data may be skewed due to pandemic, Mexico's Secretary of Tourism noted 108 million passengers in 2023, of which 49. ”. Infrastructure (covering commercial airports only) (status at 31/12) II. The commercial aircraft market is estimated to be valued at US$ 158. The 767-300 has two emergency exits, usually over the wing but sometimes in front and behind. 4% CAGR. The smaller 767-200 has one emergency exit door over the wing. Key players like Airbus Germany and Dornier contribute significantly to the country’s aerospace industry. 72% to reach USD 293. Jul 15, 2022 · Commercial aircraft manufacturing market size worldwide 2017-2020. In Boeing 707. It is utilized in commercial aircraft, which encompasses both Jan 10, 2024 · In 2019, the aircraft engine market was sized at almost 80 billion U. 63 in 2020 from 0. g. Most popular private jet registries. The North America Commercial Aviation Market is expected to reach USD 47. 8 trillion U. 82% from 2024 to 2030, reaching nearly USD 193. Not surprisingly, Miami had the most, followed by Dubai, Mexico City, Vancouver, Toronto, Istanbul Airport, Milan Bergamo, Honolulu, Las Vegas, and Check out our order and delivery summary in the table below (numbers valid at the end of May 2024 ). “Accidents are rare in aviation. Transport equipment (covering commercial aircrafts only) (status at 31/12) III. The best way to identify these are by the position and number of the exit doors. Stratolaunch. Airbus A350: A Delta Air Lines Airbus A350-900. As a result, the global fleet should stand at around 40,000 aircraft by 2030, marking a 3. Ireland continues to be the country with the highest percentage of active aircraft (more than 100 aircraft in its portfolio). oy dp xk nh ks cb bk jf xa iy