Lesley trainspotting

Rent Boy didn’t pay attention to her age because he was on speed and Dianne was wearing a lot of make-up, but after seeing her in the morning, he reconsiders his life choices, at least temporarily. R. Rated the #2 best film of 1996, and #177 in the greatest all-time movies (according to RYM users). Friendship Quotes in Trainspotting. Danny Boyle's explosive film tracks the misadventures of young men in Edinburgh trying to find their way out of joblessness, aimless relationships and drug addiction. A wild, freeform, Rabelaisian trip through the darkest recesses of Edinburgh low-life, focusing on Mark Renton and friends: Sean Connery wannabe Sick Boy, dimbulb Spud The word "trainspotting" can mean alot of things. Welsh emphasizes prominent issues that are evident in this novel that include the selfish/narcissistic behavior seen between Renton and his parents. He and his girlfriend Lizzy split up after Tommy turns down seeing a movie with her to go to an Iggy Pop concert instead. k. With live-wire energy and stylistic verve, Trainspotting bounces across the life and times of Most of the characters in Irvine Welsh’s novel Trainspotting struggle with some form of addiction, often a dependence on heroin. The incident may be one of many factors Matty is the first major character in Rent Boy ’s circle of friends to die during the timeline of the novel. With live-wire energy and stylistic verve, Trainspotting bounces across the life and times of Mark Renton (Ewan McGregor), a Scottish heroin addict who, along May 12, 2024 · The Big Picture. Filmen Oscarnominerades 1997 för bästa manus efter förlaga, vann tre BAFTA -utmärkelser 1996–1997 och fick ett stort antal andra utmärkelser och nomineringar. He bullies Rent Boy as a child and has much more conservative, pro-British views than Rent Boy. When the Feb 23, 1996 · Is Trainspotting on Disney Plus? Find out here! Heroin addict Mark Renton stumbles through bad ideas and sobriety attempts with his unreliable friends -- Sick Boy, Begbie, Spud and Tommy. Both films explore the dark underbelly of drug culture, but in different ways. I could offer a million answers - all false. Hazel is Rent Boy ’s longtime on-again, off-again girlfriend at the beginning of the novel. While Trainspotting is a fast-paced, gritty portrayal of addiction, Jo Jo presents a more character-oriented, leisurely look at the human cost of drug addiction. This movie isn’t creepy because of the characters or the story Trainspotting is a hobby that has been around for over a century, and it involves watching trains and noting their distinctive characteristics. There are more than 2 filming locations on our site. Jan 20, 2022 · Danny Boyle's "Trainspotting" turns 25 this year. Sure, Nirvana’s Nevermind just got Feb 23, 1996 · Trainspotting by Danny Boyle. She has sex with Sick Boy and Spud, although like Rent Boy, she has conflicted feelings about her friends and sometimes seems to dislike them. Tracey Gallacher as Art Direction. Není hlupák, není s ním nuda, jen je někdy trochu pobledlý a jindy úplně mimo. He wis bringing me doon. She is particularly good friends with Kelly. Used to develop the audience’s understanding of the experiences of taking drugs. Jan 25, 2024 · In the underbelly of Edinburgh’s dark and gritty streets, where despair and addiction grip the lives of its inhabitants, a novel emerged in 1993 that would shock, captivate, and leave an indelible mark on literature and popular culture. In Leith (the Edinburgh, Scotland neighborhood where most of the book takes place), Sick Boy is shaking and sweating while the narrator ( Rent Boy) tries to watch a Jean-Claude Van Damme movie. Courting Disaster. It literally translates to the phyisical act of watching trains, whether it be for a hobby or for recreation. Tommy Character Analysis. She was 25 (now 53) years old. Kinetically cut to an iconic soundtrack of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. During the early Middle Ages Billy Character Analysis. Film TRAINSPOTTING, který se odehrává v Edinburghu, ve městě, které je vším, jen ne městem snů, vypráví příběh Marka a jeho kamarádů – zkrachovalců, lhářů, psychopatů, zlodějů a feťáků, kteří nenávratně míří vstříc sebezničení. Understandably, much ado is being made of the fact that Irish-German star Michael Fassbender is part of the ensemble. The term "trainspotting" is British slang for watching trains try catch subtle differences between them. Begbie is a violent bully, always looking for an excuse for a fight and often disappointed when the other person backs down from his challenge. Daniel “Spud” Murphy is perhaps the most agreeable member of Rent Boy ’s friend group, but his somewhat innocent personality causes the other group members to take advantage of him. Mark "Rent Boy" Renton – The novel's protagonist and most frequent narrator, Renton is the voice of reason among his group of friends, many of whom he dislikes. Granty is a member of a poker club with Billy, Lenny, Jackie, and others. Sep 17, 2010 · Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2010-09-17 21:11:08 Bookplateleaf 0002 Boxid IA127717 Boxid_2 Jan 31, 2024 · Beyond the Tracks. Rents picks up a stane and flings it at the squirrel. Davie Renton Character Analysis. After four years, Rent Boy splits up with Hazel, and she mostly disappears from Lesley Stewart. Trainspotting is the first novel by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh, first published in 1993. This is the last of that sort of thing. Prehrávanie na webe je možné ihneď bez nutnosti registrácie. 4,484 IMDb 8. Jun 6, 2023 · Published by 06. The same year he starred in Heroin addict Mark Renton stumbles through bad ideas and sobriety attempts with his unreliable friends -- Sick Boy, Begbie, Spud and Tommy. Trainspotting and T2 are both masterpieces of film, makes me pro Feb 3, 2021 - Explore Mary Lesley's board "Trainspotting", followed by 116 people on Pinterest. This video is currently unavailable. Billy is one of Rent Boy ’s brothers (along with Davie Renton ). The incident weighs heavily on all of the characters, causing several of them to make pledges to give up their addictions, although many Trainspotting: Kicking Summary & Analysis. [1] It was a pivotal event in the 1984–1985 UK Nov 10, 2014 · Starring Ewan McGregor, Jonny Lee Miller, and Kelly Macdonald, Danny Boyle’s ’Trainspotting’ tracks the misadventures of young men in Edinburgh trying to fin Jun 14, 2023 · Published June 14, 2023 Updated June 22, 2023. Masahiro Hirakubo as Editor. Rather than an ‘instrument’, the addict’s body is Apr 5, 2019 · Set in reality but introduction of fantasy elements to portray the effects of taking drugs like heroine (hallucinations). May 14, 2021 · Within the novel, Trainspotting, Irvine Welsh showcases the theme of selfishness as the main motivation behind all the characters actions and decisions. Directed by Danny Boyle and released in 1996, the film left an indelible mark on both critics and viewers A jolt of adrenaline shot straight to the heart of 1990s British cinema, this darkly funny adaptation of Irvine Welsh’s novel was a major breakthrough for director Danny Boyle, producer Andrew Macdonald, and screenwriter John Hodge. Menu. Second Prize. Although trains feature prominently in Trainspotting, offering an escape from the insular and often limiting environment of Leith, they are even more notable by their absence. Davie pretends to be Venters’s friend, but really, he is plotting revenge on Venters because Venters raped a woman who went on to accidentally give Mitchell HIV. Sure it’s easy to mainline mind-numbing. Feb 23, 1996 · Catalog. “Trainspotting” by Irvine Welsh, a provocative and unflinching portrayal of addiction, poverty, and Trainspotting (1996) is my favourite movie of all time. Kicking Quotes. After cleaning up and moving from Edinburgh to London, Mark finds he can't escape the life he left behind when Begbie shows up at his front door on the lam, and a scheming Sick Boy follows. I'm gonna be just like you. Lesley's baby, Dawn, has died. Watch on. The 2160p/24hz ultra-high-definition encode comes from a brand new 4K restoration of the uncut version, meticulously scanned from the Jul 12, 2021 · Danny Boyle's 1996 film "Trainspotting" (adapted from the novel by Irvine Welsh) is a grimy, dark film about toxicity, both in terms of drug use and in terms of ourselves and the people we call May 14, 2013 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 1994–present. Kave Quinn as Production Design. The sometimes-contentious history between Scotland and England serves as a backdrop for much of the novel. After a brief but promising career in soccer, Second Prize got deeper and deeper into drinking. The Skag Boys, Jean-Claude Van Damme and Mother Superior. Publication date 1996-02-23 Topics drama, comedy, tragicomedy Language English. First of all, this is the most accurate representation I’ve ever seen of heroine users in a film before. Alison is a member of Rent Boy ’s friend group, although she remains antagonistic toward Rent Boy himself most of the time. Persists as a Nuanced Portrait of Addiction Under Capitalism. Straw Feminist: Has a bit of this going on in Trainspotting. I'm looking forward to it already. Review. Jul 12, 2017 · Although, since Trainspotting is based on the novel of the same name by Irvine Welsh, I took a look to the synopsis of the novel (on Wiki here) and found that in the novel too the exact cause it's not specified, even if something about that is said: Narrated by Renton. He was 3 (now 24) years old. He also has an underage girlfriend, Diane, along for the ride. Stevie is a friend of Rent Boy ’s who doesn’t use heroin. she really does, shade does,. Trainspotting was his first novel and he has also published a collection of short stories, a novella entitled The Acid House and a second novel, Marabou Stork Nightmares. When Billy dies serving the British army in Ireland, many hail him as a hero, but Rent Boy maintains that Billy was an idiot who didn’t even Begbie Character Analysis. From the director of SLUMDOG MILLIONAIREthe motion picture sensation that wowed critics and audiences nationwide, TRAINSPOTTING delivers a wild mix of rebellious action and wicked humor! It's the story of four friends as they try to make it in the world on their own termsand who end up planning the ultimate scam! Powered by an outstanding cast of stars including Ewan McGregor (BIG FISH Trainspotting Collection. At the beginning of the story, he does almost every drug but stays away from heroin. In the context of Danny Boyle's masterpiece, the word means all of the above. With Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd. N o one who has seen Danny Boyle’s Trainspotting (1996) can forget its frenetic opening—a shot in the arm for British film, which at the time, thanks to the success of Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), was tightening its corsets and brushing up its bourgeois etiquette. Trainspotting Summary. Trains Symbol Analysis. Renton, deeply immersed in the Edinburgh drug scene, tries to clean up and get out despite the allure of drugs and the influence of friends. Looking After Jo Jo, set in 1980's Edinburgh, shares similarities with Trainspotting. Trainspotting, based on Irvine Welsh's novel, delves into dark comedy and Aug 7, 2019 · About 40 percent of users in Scotland are currently in treatment, according to Dr. Jan 19, 2024 · Director/screenwriter: Rich Peppiatt. John Hodge (born 1964) is a Scottish screenwriter and dramatist from Glasgow, who adapted Irvine Welsh 's novel Trainspotting into the script for the film of the same title. 1 1 h 30 min 1996. After confessing his feelings to a woman named Stella, he waits nervously for her to get back to him with an answer on New Year’s Eve. ”. At Johnny’s place, Alison tells Rent Boy he should go see Kelly, who is feeling bad after Jul 12, 2021 · Now Available on DigitalRegarded as one of the most influential films of the 1990s, director Danny Boyle’s hyper-kinetic heroin culture classic TRAINSPOTTING Home Trainspotting Wikipedia: Characters Trainspotting Irvine Welsh Characters. It’s a pastime that can be enjoyed by anyone, from children to seniors, and it can be done anywhere in the world. Lesley. Ah feel likes, sick, ma hert misses a beat as it whizzes past the wee gadge. The novel explores drug culture in Scotland in the late 1980s, depicting elements of it with realism and specific details, but it also explores metaphorical addictions and how these are similar to and different from physical addictions. She and Rent Boy rarely have sex because her father sexually abused her as a child, and she seemingly suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder. Genres: Black Comedy, Drama. Historical Context of Trainspotting. Rent Boy answers no just as Spud says yes. Raj všetkých online filmov a seriálov úplne zadarmo a navyše bez otravných reklám. Stella is a friend of Stevie ’s. Begbie, whose real name is Francis Begbie and who also sometimes goes by “the Beggar,” is part of Rent Boy ’s friend group, although no one in the group likes him very much. Begbie wakes up with a headache, so he goes straight for two bottles of beer. Stevie lives in London, and the mostly Trainspotting (1996) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Ah wis jist sitting thair, focusing oan the telly, tryin no tae notice the cunt. Occupation (s) Physician, screenwriter. Years active. Violent Masculinity vs Hegemonic Masculinity. While Granty is holding the group’s money, he dies, and his girlfriend, Fiona, seemingly runs off with the money, causing conflict between his surviving friends. Propelled by the crashing bass-drum intro of Iggy Jan 30, 2024 · With live-wire energy and stylistic verve, Trainspotting bounces across the life and times of Mark Renton (Ewan McGregor), a Scottish heroin addict who, along with his misfit mates, gets high, gets in trouble, gets clean, and gets high again, all in a bid to outrun the banality of modern existence. 85:1. “Mother Superior. It takes the form of a collection of short stories, written in either Scots, Scottish English or British English, revolving around various residents of Leith, Edinburgh, who either use heroin, are friends of the core group of heroin users, or engage in destructive activities that are effectively addictions. “‘The Full Monty’ is Sheffield, and Sheffield is ‘The Full Monty,’” said the actor Robert Carlyle in a recent video interview. Venters is an HIV-positive man in Davie Mitchell ’s support group. Kelly Character Analysis. Some are successful, while others hopelessly are not. Davie Renton was Rent Boy and Billy ’s brother; he was fully paralyzed and died before the events of the novel. Dianne Character Analysis. Not one of the is successful, happy, or even content with their present lot in life Willkommen auf meinem Kanal! Swiss Trainspotting präsentiert allerhand Bahnhvideos aus Europa. Lesley Graham of the National Health Services of Scotland. It was a portal into an adult world we'd never seen before, in Trainspotting är en brittisk svart dramakomedifilm från 1996 i regi av Danny Boyle, [ 1] baserad på Irvine Welsh roman från 1993 med samma titel. See more ideas about trainspotting, choose life, ewan mcgregor. His first play Collaborators won the 2012 Olivier Award for Best Feb 23, 1996 · Trainspotting. The truth is that I'm a bad person. Rent Boy says his books were for reading. a. Dawn is the infant child of Lesley who dies of what seems to be sudden infant death syndrome while several characters (including Dawn’s likely father, Sick Boy) are high on heroin. In Leith (a port neighborhood of Edinburgh, Scotland) in the late 1980s, Rent Boy and Sick Boy begin experiencing heroin withdrawal symptoms. For just about anyone born in the 1970s, it’s hard to wrap your mind around the idea that a film like Trainspotting — the heist and heroin film from 1996 that adapted Irvine Welsh’s idiosyncratic novel into a box office sensation — is 25 years old. Lesley Stewart production manager The Battle of Orgreave was a violent confrontation on 18 June 1984 between pickets and officers of the South Yorkshire Police (SYP) and other police forces, including the Metropolitan Police, at a British Steel Corporation (BSC) coking plant at Orgreave, in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. Rent Boy and Spud are in court. Second Prize or Secks for short) is a member of Rent Boy ’s friend group. In Trainspotting, trains represent hope, possibility, and new beginnings. Most of Trainspotting is set in Leith, a largely working-class neighborhood of Edinburgh. Brian Tufano as Director of Photography. Now I'm cleaning up and I'm moving on, going straight and choosing life. Trainspotting is a 1996 British black comedy drama film directed by Danny Boyle, and starring Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd, Robert Carlyle and Kelly Macdonald in her acting debut. Movies. After Dawn’s death, seemingly of sudden infant death syndrome while Sick Boy and Lesley are high, Sick Boy starts controlling his drug use, although he continues to have casual sex and Dawn Character Analysis. After cleaning up and moving from Edinburgh to London, Mark finds he can’t escape the life he left behind For best quality: 1080p + headphonesTime to get back to editing some underrated films I see. Jul 21, 2020 · when i left nicole white "shade" apartment and forgot her stup id ass cuz o fwhat she did to my friend nicole laurie back in 1996 all raping her and shit anywaythat song, by underworld was out and shade took my briefs and wore them. Matty’s seemingly random death illustrates how precarious life is in Leith and how death often comes Lesley Ann Manville CBE (born 12 March 1956) is an English actress known for her frequent collaborations with Mike Leigh, appearing in the films Grown-Ups (1980 Venters Character Analysis. Not that I’m a user myself, but I’m well aware of the highest highs and lowest lows that users go through. Strangely, her role in Porno is merged with Gail in T2 Trainspotting. See where they filmed this movie from 1996 starring Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner and Jonny Lee Miller. Mar 9, 2024 Trainspotting altadefinizione, Stai cercando il film Trainspotting streaming in italiano Gratis? Su Altadefinizione vedi Trainspotting streaming in HD senza limiti. In addition, the novel explores the issue Summary. Analysis. Renton, deeply immersed in the Edinburgh drug scene Description by Wikipedia. She likes him at the beginning of the story, and for a brief period of time they have a relationship, but it ends when Rent Boy goes to London. 1 hour 45 minutes. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Trainspotting, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. In England that figure is closer to 60 percent. 06. Despite his diagnosis, Venters lives recklessly and soon ends up in hospice care. Sick Boy interrupts the movie to say he has to go Hazel Character Analysis. Sure it’s easy to mainline mind Jun 26, 2021 · Born in Kingston-upon-Thames in November 1972, 48-year-old Jonny Lee Miller is a film, television and theatre actor best known for playing Sick Boy in Trainspotting. Trainspotting (1996) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. He was 57 (now 85) years old. The novel is inspired partly by Welsh’s own experiences growing up in Leith and moving back in the 1980s. 2023. Ewen Bremner was the original Renton. However, his turn Jul 19, 2021 · Trainspotting. He narrates his daily life – from supporting his heroin addiction with dole money and petty theft to Among his friends, Sick Boy has a reputation for having sex with almost any woman he wants, including Lesley, whose son Dawn is implied to be Sick Boy’s. A jolt of adrenaline shot straight to the heart of 1990s British cinema, this darkly funny adaptation of Irvine Welsh’s novel was a major breakthrough for director Danny Boyle, producer Andrew Macdonald, and screenwriter John Hodge. Over the course of the story, Kelly experiences catcalling and rude treatment from men. Films that explicitly revolve around drug use typically fall into one of three categories: Irreverent stoner comedies MARK RENTON je hrdina naší doby. Directed by: Danny Boyle. and go tshit on them because she hates white people. Cite this Quote. Kicking. 1. The book’s title comes from a quote by a drunken old man at an The word "trainspotting" can mean alot of things. Kelly is a friend of Rent Boy ’s who works as a bartender. The sweat wis lashing oafay Sick Boy; he wis trembling. . numerous and too tedious to recount. Davie’s paralyzed condition has strong parallels to Rent Boy’s own condition while high Jun 6, 2023 · The Full Monty, a sequel to the 1997 film of the same name starring Robert Carlyle and Mark Addy, is a mirthful yet melancholic ride. to je plný zaujímavých a predovšetkým originálnych funkcií, ktoré ocenia všetci fanúšikovia filmov a seriálov. Like Begbie, Second Prize doesn’t use heroin, but he drinks so much that his own struggles with addiction are similar to a heroin user’s. The judge asks him to explain Kierkegaard, so Rent Boy does, only realizing too late that it might be bad to sound too smart. We know him as gangly, gormless Spud. Drama · Comedy · Gritty · Strange. The dream-like sequences have a noticeably nightmare-ish essence. He doesn’t realize that he has HIV, and he gets a serious brain infection from the feces of a kitten he spontaneously adopts. shes black as afro black ass charcoalhate her guts, she moved to Feb 23, 2021 · Long-time Muirhouse councillor Lesley Hinds, leader of Edinburgh District Council when the film was released, recalled: “Trainspotting was ground-breaking in its gritty portrayal of drug Feb 23, 1996 · Trainspotting is a singular sensation, a visionary knockout spiked with insight, wild invention and outrageous wit. But, that's gonna change - I'm going to change. Most of the characters in Irvine Welsh’s novel Trainspotting struggle with some form of addiction, often a dependence on heroin. The movie “Trainspotting” holds a significant place in the realm of cinema, captivating audiences with its raw portrayal of addiction, friendship, and the struggles of a group of young individuals in Scotland. Trainspotting. Composite Character: In the film she is combined with Lesley (who was the mother of the baby in the novel) and isn't shown again after the cot death scene. If you like to see Corrour Station House in Fort William, United Kingdom or any other wonderful filming locations from Trainspotting, start scrolling. Jan 7, 2024 · Trainspotting (Music From The Motion Picture) (Full Soundtrack) Capitol Records 1996 Full Soundtrack album from the Danny Boyle film "Trainspotting" Feb 6, 2017 · As with the first movie, the plot is largely incidental to the relationships and characters wants to revisit. Starring: Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd, Robert Carlyle, Kelly Macdonald. She asks Begbie where he’s going. Dianne is a teenage girl who Rent Boy picks up at a nightclub and has sex with. Danny Boyle's Trainspotting marks its return to The Criterion Collection with a new 4K UHD edition featuring Dolby Vision on a triple-layer disc, presented in its original aspect ratio of 1. Trainspotting Crew. IRVINE WELSH TRAINSPOTTING Minerva Thanks to the following: Lesley Bryce, David Crystal, Margaret Fulton–Cook, janice Galloway, Dave Feb 23, 1996 · Trainspotting AZ Movies. Welsh wrote most of the book in different varieties of Scottish English, which is how most of the characters in Nov 21, 2016 · For heroin addicts in Trainspotting, the rejection of boundaries and separations creates a much more fluid and unified relationship between the self, the body, and ‘external’ elements such as bodily fluids and heroin itself, or technology such as the syringe, the needle and the spoon. The word "trainspotting" can mean alot of things. Ich bin 20 Jahre alt und lebe in Bonstetten bei Zürich. Our mission is to further the exchange of ideas, to encourage excellence in contemporary print practices, and to promote visibility for artwork grounded in print media. Trainspotting (1996) Trainspotting. During that time, Scotland experienced high unemployment. Mar 9, 2024 · A Train Spotting Story And a confession! Lesley Bungay. We provide an online platform for exchange between members. Below you will find the important quotes in Trainspotting related to the theme of Friendship. Heroin addict Mark Renton stumbles through bad ideas and sobriety attempts with his unreliable friends -- Sick Boy, Begbie, Spud and Tommy. Gail Stevens as Casting. February 23, 1996. Jan 17, 2017 · Ten things you need to know about the original 'Trainspotting'. Inter Shitty. Heroin addict Mark Renton stumbles through bad ideas and sobriety attempts with his unreliable friends — Sick Boy, Begbie, Spud and Tommy. In the late 90s, pre-internet, in a small English town in Yorkshire, Trainspotting provided us with a lot of firsts. He says he’s just completed some “business,” so he has to disappear for a couple weeks. When she calls to say she loves him, he goes to meet her at the train station. Tommy is an old friend of Rent Boy ’s and also a friend of Davie Mitchell. Stevie Character Analysis. Spud Character Analysis. He goes tae pick up another, laughin like a maniac, but ab stoap um. Bei de Apr 19, 2023 · #firsttimewatching #moviereaction #americanreacts American Reacts to and First Time Watching the movie Trainspotting (1996) directed by Danny Boyle and starr Mar 3, 2016 · Advertisement. Other kids made fun of Davie’s condition, and they made fun of Rent Boy and Billy as a result. They go to see their dealer, Johnny Swan, a. Next. Trainspotting: Kicking Again Summary & Analysis. Web kukaj. Stella. It's also commonly used among junkies to signal the track marks it leaves on the arms of addicts. Nearby, June, who is now pregnant, also wakes up. Alison Character Analysis. Based on the novel of the same name by Irvine Welsh, the film was released in the United Kingdom on 23 Trainspotting: Directed by Danny Boyle. Explanation and Analysis: Unlock with LitCharts A +. His nickname “Spud” (like a potato) reflects his essentially passive personality and how both his friends and his heroin Page Number and Citation: 145. The judge accuses them of stealing books from a bookstore to sell. . He often picks and loses fights Scottish Identity. But before the ‘Trainspotting’ film, Ewen Bremner Jan 28, 2024 · Picture 8/10. In this section, we’ll explore the history of trainspotting, what it entails, and The Boston Printmakers offers exhibition opportunities, residencies, international trips, exchanges, and scholarships. ng in id qa ti zd sx vz dl ch